NSAttributedString使用介绍
首先导入CoreText.framework,并在需要使用的文件中导入:#import<CoreText/CoreText.h>
创建一个NSMutableAttributedString:
NSMutableAttributedString *attriString = [[[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"this is test!"]
autorelease];
非常常规的创建方式,接下来我们给它配置属性:
//把this的字体颜色变为红色
[attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName
value:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor
range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
//把is变为黄色
[attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName
value:(id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor
range:NSMakeRange(5, 2)];
//改变this的字体,value必须是一个CTFontRef
[attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTFontAttributeName
value:(id)CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:14].fontName,
14,
NULL)
range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
//给this加上下划线,value可以在指定的枚举中选择
[attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName
value:(id)[NSNumber numberWithInt:kCTUnderlineStyleDouble]
range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
return attriString;
这样就算是配置好了,但是我们可以发现NSAttributedString继承于NSObject,并且不支持任何draw的方法,那我们就只能自己draw了。写一个UIView的子类(假设命名为TView),在initWithFrame中把背景色设为透明(self.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]),然后在重写drawRect方法:
-(void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect{
[super drawRect:rect];
NSAttributedString *attriString = getAttributedString();
CGContextRef ctx = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextConcatCTM(ctx, CGAffineTransformScale(CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(0, rect.size.height), 1.f, -1.f));
CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFAttributedStringRef)attriString);
CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathAddRect(path, NULL, rect);
CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(framesetter, CFRangeMake(0, 0), path, NULL);
CFRelease(path);
CFRelease(framesetter);
CTFrameDraw(frame, ctx);
CFRelease(frame);
}
在代码中我们调整了CTM(current transformation matrix),这是因为Quartz 2D的坐标系统不同,比如(10, 10)到(20, 20)的直线坐标:
坐标类似于数学中的坐标,可以先不调整CTM,看它是什么样子的,下面两种调整方法是完全一样的:
CGContextConcatCTM(ctx, CGAffineTransformScale(CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(0, rect.size.height), 1.f, -1.f));
==
CGContextTranslateCTM(ctx, 0, rect.size.height);
CGContextScaleCTM(ctx, 1, -1);
CTFramesetter是CTFrame的创建工厂,NSAttributedString需要通过CTFrame绘制到界面上,得到CTFramesetter后,创建path(绘制路径),然后得到CTFrame,最后通过CTFrameDraw方法绘制到界面上。
如果想要计算NSAttributedString所要的size,就需要用到这个API:
CTFramesetterSuggestFrameSizeWithConstraints,用NSString的sizeWithFont算多行时会算不准的,因为在CoreText里,行间距也是你来控制的。
设置行间距和换行模式都是设置一个属性:kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName,这个属性里面又分为很多子
属性,其中就包括
kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping
kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacingAdjustment
设置如下:
//段落
//line break
CTParagraphStyleSetting lineBreakMode;
CTLineBreakMode lineBreak = kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping; //换行模式
lineBreakMode.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineBreakMode;
lineBreakMode.value = &lineBreak;
lineBreakMode.valueSize = sizeof(CTLineBreakMode);
//行间距
CTParagraphStyleSetting LineSpacing;
CGFloat spacing = 4.0; //指定间距
LineSpacing.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacingAdjustment;
LineSpacing.value = &spacing;
LineSpacing.valueSize = sizeof(CGFloat);
CTParagraphStyleSetting settings[] = {lineBreakMode,LineSpacing};
CTParagraphStyleRef paragraphStyle = CTParagraphStyleCreate(settings, 2); //第二个参数为settings的长度
[attributedString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName
value:(id)paragraphStyle
range:NSMakeRange(0, attributedString.length)];
这并不是唯一的方法,还有另一种替代方案:
CATextLayer *textLayer = [CATextLayer layer];
textLayer.string = getAttributedString();
textLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, CGRectGetMaxY(view.frame), 200, 200);
[self.view.layer addSublayer:textLayer];
CATextLayer可以直接支持NSAttributedString!
效果图:
补充:软件开发 , C语言 ,