你不知道的Jetty

嵌入式jetty

本文主要讲述如何使用嵌入式jetty,创建http/https服务器.

一. 相关jar包
Jetty-server
Jetty-servlet

二.创建方式
2.1）最简单的

Server server = new Server(8080);
server.start();
server.join();
创建一个jetty server,并启动,这样我们就创建了一个最简单的http服务器,检查8080端口为监听状态, 但是很明显,该服务器不会对客户端请求有任何响应.

2.2）Handler

1）实现
从实现上来看, jetty server本身就是一个HandlerWrapper, 可以通过为server设置handler,处理客户端的请求.

Server server = new Server(8080);
server.setHandler(newHelloHandler());
server.start();
server.join();
通过扩展AbstractHandler类, 实现handle方法, 定义用户自己的handler, 例如:

public class HelloHandler extendsAbstractHandler {
public void handle(String target, Request baseRequest,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
baseRequest.setHandled(true);
response.getWriter().println("</pre>
<h1>Hello World</h1>
<pre>
");
}
}
2）测试
浏览器上输入:

http://localhost:8080
输出:

<h1>Hello World</h1>
2.3） Servlet
直接为Server设置Handler,我们无法针对不同的URL Path,完成不同的处理逻辑, 例如,
当浏览器输入如下URL时,服务器区别处理:

http://localhost:8080/*

http://localhost:8080/TYPE1/*

http://localhost:8080/TYPE2/*
1）实现
Server添加ServletContextHandler,然后,针对不同的path, 设置对应的Servlet来处理.

Server server = new Server(8080);
ServletContextHandler context =new ServletContextHandler(
ServletContextHandler.SESSIONS);
context.setContextPath("/");
server.setHandler(context);
context.addServlet(newServletHolder(newHelloServlet()), "/*");
context.addServlet(newServletHolder(newHelloServlet(
"TYPE1 Request")),"/TYPE1/*");
context.addServlet(newServletHolder(newHelloServlet(
"TYPE2 Request")),"/TYPE2/*");
server.start();
server.join();
通过扩展HttpServlet,覆盖doPost或者doGet方法,定义用户自己的Servlet,例如:

public class HelloServlet extendsHttpServlet {
String greeting = "Hello";
public HelloServlet() {
}

public HelloServlet(String hi) {
greeting = hi;
}

@Override
protectedvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
response.getWriter().println("</pre>
<h1>” + greeting + "</h1>
<pre>
");
}

@Override
protectedvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
2）测试
浏览器上输入:

http://localhost:8080/*

http://localhost:8080/TYPE1/*

http://localhost:8080/TYPE2/*
分别输出:

<h1>Hello</h1>
<h1> TYPE1 Request</h1>
<h1> TYPE2 Request<h1>
2.3）Connector

http/https服务器也可以同时在多个端口上提供服务, 这就需要引入Connector

1）实现
如下代码就设置了两个Connector, 一个使用8080端口,另一个使用8888端口:

Server server = new Server();
SelectChannelConnector connector0 =new SelectChannelConnector();
connector0.setPort(8080);
connector0.setMaxIdleTime(30000);
connector0.setRequestHeaderSize(8192);

SelectChannelConnector connector1 =new SelectChannelConnector();
connector1.setPort(8888);
connector1.setMaxIdleTime(30000);
connector1.setRequestHeaderSize(8192);

server.setConnectors(newConnector[] { connector0,
connector1 });
server.setHandler(newHelloHandler());
server.start();
server.join();
2）测试
浏览器上输入:

http://localhost:8080/*
或者

http://localhost:8888/*
三.https服务器
本节着重讲述如何创建https服务器.

3.1）keystore
使用keytool命令,创建keystore. 例如:

keytool -keystore zenithKS -alias zenith -genkey -keyalg RSA
Enter keystore password:
Re-enter new password:
What is your first and last name?
[Unknown]: zenith

What is the name of your organizational unit?
[Unknown]: zenith

What is the name of your organization?
[Unknown]: zenith

What is the name of your City or Locality?
[Unknown]: bj

What is the name of your State or Province?
[Unknown]: bj

What is the two-letter country code for this unit?
[Unknown]: cn

Is CN=zenith, OU=zenith, O=zenith, L=bj, ST=bj, C=cn correct? (type "yes" or "no")
[no]: yes

Enter key password for <zenith>:
(RETURN if same as keystore password):
需要用户输入keystore密码以及key密码,最后,会在当前目录下生成一个zenithKS文件,这就是keystore文件

3.2）ssl Connector
为jetty Server设置ssl Connector,需要指定keystore路径, keystore密码以及key密码.

Server server = new Server();
SslSelectChannelConnector ssl_connector =new SslSelectChannelConnector();
ssl_connector.setPort(8443);
SslContextFactory cf = ssl_connector.getSslContextFactory();
cf.setKeyStore("D:\\keystores\\zenithKS");
cf.setKeyStorePassword("password");
cf.setKeyManagerPassword("password");
server.addConnector(ssl_connector);
server.start();
server.join();
浏览器上输入:

https://localhost:8443/*
3.3）https客户端
HttpClient提供了对SSL的支持, 以下通过扩展HttpClient类实现自动接受证书.

因为这种方法自动接收所有证书，因此存在一定的安全问题，所以在使用这种方法前请仔细考虑您的系统的安全需求。具体的步骤如下：

1) 提供一个自定义的socket factory（test.MySecureProtocolSocketFactory）。这个自定义的类必须实现接口

org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory
在实现接口的类中调用自定义的

X509TrustManager(test.MyX509TrustManager)
这两个类可以在随本文带的附件中得到

2) 创建一个org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.Protocol的实例，指定协议名称和默认的端口号

Protocol myhttps = new Protocol("https", new MySecureProtocolSocketFactory (), 443);
3) 注册刚才创建的https协议对象

Protocol.registerProtocol("https ", myhttps);
4) 然后按照普通编程方式打开https的目标地址

补充：web前端 , JavaScript ,