Fedora/Redhat在线安装更新软件包yum篇
在本文中，我们主要解介绍 Fedora core 4.0 通过软件包管理工具yum来在线安装更新软件；关于apt工具应用，我们会在另外一篇中介绍；一、 yum 的使用；
有些初学Linux的弟兄可能问，为什么不用系统自带的图形化工具up2date来升级，却要用 yum呢。其实大家用一用就知道了，up2date 真是奇慢无比，而且经常失去响应；造成机器假死的情况。所以我们还是试一试yum ；另外freshrpms.net 可能比官方站更快的更新升级源，也没有理由不用 yum；
1、首先我们要到下面的地址下载与自己系统相对应的版本的 yum；
http://ayo.freshrpms.net/
比如我用的是Fedora core 4.0 就下载如下的包安装；
[root@localhost beinan]# rpm -ivh freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm
warning: freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e42d547b
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:freshrpms-release ########################################### [100%]2、安装软件举例；
比如我要安装能听mp3的 bmp-mp3，只要输入下面的命令行即可，系统就自己工作了；
[root@localhost beinan]# yum install bmp-mp3内容全景如下：
[root@localhost beinan]# yum install bmp-mp3
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 42 kB 00:03
freshrpms : ################################################## 122/122
Added 122 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.72 seconds
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for bmp-mp3 to pack into transaction set.
bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2.fc4.i38 100% |=========================| 2.9 kB 00:00
---> Package bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: libid3-3.8.so.3 for package: bmp-mp3
--> Processing Dependency: libbeep.so.2 for package: bmp-mp3
--> Processing Dependency: bmp >= 0.9.7 for package: bmp-mp3
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for id3lib to pack into transaction set.
id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc4.i386. 100% |=========================| 38 kB 00:05
---> Package id3lib.i386 0:3.8.3-11.fc4 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for bmp to pack into transaction set.
bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 14 kB 00:03
---> Package bmp.i386 0:0.9.7-10.fc4 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
bmp-mp3 i386 0.9.7-1.2.fc4 freshrpms 95 k
Installing for dependencies:
bmp i386 0.9.7-10.fc4 extras 912 k
id3lib i386 3.8.3-11.fc4 extras 752 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 3 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.7 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc 100% |=========================| 752 kB 01:04
(2/3): bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i 100% |=========================| 912 kB 02:14
(3/3): bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2. 100% |=========================| 95 kB 00:05
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: bmp ######################### [1/3]
Installing: id3lib ######################### [2/3]
Installing: bmp-mp3 ######################### [3/3]
Installed: bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4
Dependency Installed: bmp.i386 0:0.9.7-10.fc4 id3lib.i386 0:3.8.3-11.fc4
Complete!
注：yum优点:软件包依赖关系自行解决，比如上面的，我们可以看到本来我们只安装的是bmp-mp3，结果yum 安装也安装了 id3lib ；bmp
二、yum的一点小用法；
1、查询软件包；
面对成千上万的软件，我们可能无从下手，有时也不知道它的文件名；这时就要用到查询；我们可以用 yum list 来列出yum升级源上的包有文件；然后我们再来查看 info
有以下几个组合可以用；比如；
[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more加上一个管道 |，然后 more 一下，就能把所有的包分页显示出来。然后按一下空格键就能看下一页了。在显示的软件列表中，会有软件名称、版本、是否安装等；仔细的看一下吧。熟悉了就好了。也没有什么难的。
[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Installed Packages
4Suite.i386 1.0-8.b1 installed
Canna.i386 3.7p3-13 installed
Canna-devel.i386 3.7p3-13 installed如果想知道软件的详细信息，可能得用上info参数了。比如：
用法：
[root@localhost beinan]# yum info 软件名比如：
[root@localhost beinan]# yum info bmp-mp3
Setting up repositories
updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Installed Packages
Name : bmp-mp3
Arch : i386
Version: 0.9.7
Release: 1.2.fc4
Size : 234 k
Repo : freshrpms
Summary: MP3 playback plugin for the Beep Media Player
Description:
This package contains an MP3 playback plugin for BMP (Beep Media Player),
a media player that uses a skinned user inte易做图ce based on Winamp 2.x skins,
and is based on ("forked off") XMMS.在上面的例子中，如果Rep
