在.net 4.0中增加一个延迟加载类Lazy<T>,它的作用是实现按需延迟加载,也许很多人用过。一个典型的应用场景是这样的:当初始化某个对象时,该对象引用了一个大对象,需要创建,这个对象的创建时需要较长的时间,同时也需要在托管堆上分配较多的空间,这样可能会在初始化时变得很慢,尤其是UI应用时,会导致用户体验很差。其实狠多时候并不需要马上就获取大数据,只是在需要时获取,这种场景就很适合延迟加载了。先看看c#中Lazy<T>如何使用的吧:
class LargeObject
{
public int InitializedBy { get { return initBy; } }
int initBy = 0;
public LargeObject(int initializedBy)
{
initBy = initializedBy;
Console.WriteLine("LargeObject was created on thread id {0}.", initBy);
}
public long[] Data = new long[100000000];
}
class TestLazy
{
Lazy<LargeObject> lazyLargeObject = null;
public TestLazy()
{
//创建一个延迟加载对象
lazyLargeObject = new Lazy<LargeObject>(InitLargeObject);
}
public void ReallyLoad()
{
//此时真正加载
lazyLargeObject.Value;
Console.WriteLine("lazy load big object");
//do something
}
}
void Test()
{
TestLazy t = new TestLazy();
t.ReallyLoad(); //这时,真正延迟加载时才会打印"lazy load big object"
}
c++中目前还没有类似的Lazy<T>延迟加载类,其实延迟加载类内部用到了lamda表达式,将函数封装到lamda表达式中去,而不是马上求值,而是在需要的时候再调用lamda表达式去求值。c++11 中有lamda表达式和function,正好做这个事情,看看c++11如何实现类似c#的Lazy<T>延迟加载类吧。
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
template<typename T>
struct Lazy
{
Lazy(){}
template <typename Func, typename... Args>
Lazy(Func& f, Args && ... args)
{
m_func = [&f, &args...]{return f(args...); };
}
T& Value()
{
if (!m_value.is_initialized())
{
m_value = m_func();
}
return *m_value;
}
bool IsValueCreated() const
{
return m_value.is_initialized();
}
private:
std::function<T()> m_func;
boost::optional<T> m_value;
};
template<class Func, typename... Args>
Lazy<typename std::result_of<Func(Args...)>::type>
lazy(Func && fun, Args && ... args)
{
return Lazy<typename std::result_of<Func(Args...)>::type>(std::forward<Func>(fun), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
再看看测试代码:
struct BigObject
{
BigObject()
{
cout << "lazy load big object" << endl;
}
};
struct MyStruct
{
MyStruct()
{
m_obj = lazy([]{return std::make_shared<BigObject>(); });
}
void Load()
{
m_obj.Value();
}
Lazy< std::shared_ptr<BigObject>> m_obj;
};
int Foo(int x)
{
return x * 2;
}
void TestLazy()
{
//带参数的普通函数
int y = 4;
auto lazyer1 = lazy(Foo, y);
cout << lazyer1.Value() << endl;
//不带参数的lamda
Lazy<int> lazyer2 = lazy([]{return 12; });
cout << lazyer2.Value() << endl;
//带参数的fucntion
std::function < int(int) > f = [](int x){return x + 3; };
auto lazyer3 = lazy(f, 3);
cout << lazyer3.Value() << endl;
//延迟加载大对象
MyStruct t;
t.Load();
}
输出结果:
8
12
6
lazy laod big object
这个Lazy<T>类可以接收lamda表达式和function,实现按需延迟加载。和c#的Lazy<T>用法类似。不过还没c#中Laze<T>那么强大,没有增加线程策略在里面,目前还不想做得更复杂,简单够用就行。