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利用Java实现串口全双工通讯 (转载)

答案:利用Java实现串口全双工通讯 (投稿)

Qingye Jiang (John)
SMTH ID: qyjohn
E-mail : qjiang@tsinghua.edu

一个嵌入式系统通常需要通过串口与其主控系统进行全双工通讯,譬如一个流水线
控制系统需要不断的接受从主控系统发送来的查询和控制信息,并将执行结果或查
询结果发送回主控系统。本文介绍了一个简单的通过串口实现全双工通讯的Java类
库,该类库大大的简化了对串口进行操作的过程。

本类库主要包括:SerialBean.java (与其他应用程序的接口), SerialBuffer.java
(用来保存从串口所接收数据的缓冲区), ReadSerial.java (从串口读取数据的程序)。
另外本类库还提供了一个例程SerialExample.java 作为示范。在下面的内容中将逐
一对这几个部分进行详细介绍。

1. SerialBean

SerialBean是本类库与其他应用程序的接口。该类库中定义了SerialBean的构造方
法以及初始化串口,从串口读取数据,往串口写入数据以及关闭串口的函数。具体
介绍如下:

public SerialBean(int PortID)

本函数构造一个指向特定串口的SerialBean,该串口由参数PortID所指定。
PortID = 1 表示COM1,PortID = 2 表示COM2,由此类推。

public int Initialize()

本函数初始化所指定的串口并返回初始化结果。如果初始化成功返回1,否
则返回-1。初始化的结果是该串口被SerialBean独占性使用,其参数被设置
为9600, N, 8, 1。如果串口被成功初始化,则打开一个进程读取从串口传
入的数据并将其保存在缓冲区中。

public String ReadPort(int Length)

本函数从串口(缓冲区)中读取指定长度的一个字符串。参数Length指定所返
回字符串的长度。

public void WritePort(String Msg)

本函数向串口发送一个字符串。参数Msg是需要发送的字符串。

public void ClosePort()

本函数停止串口检测进程并关闭串口。

SerialBean的源代码如下:

package serial;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.comm.*;

/**
*
* This bean provides some basic functions to implement full dulplex
* information exchange through the srial port.
*
*/

public class SerialBean
{

static String PortName;
CommPortIdentifier portId;
SerialPort serialPort;
static OutputStream out;
static InputStream in;

SerialBuffer SB;
ReadSerial RT;

/**
*
* Constructor
*
* @param PortID the ID of the serial to be used. 1 for COM1,
* 2 for COM2, etc.
*
*/

public SerialBean(int PortID)
{
PortName = "COM" + PortID;
}

/**
*
* This function initialize the serial port for communication. It starts a
* thread which consistently monitors the serial port. Any signal captured
* from the serial port is stored into a buffer area.
*
*/

public int Initialize()
{

int InitSuccess = 1;
int InitFail = -1;

try
{

portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(PortName);

try
{
serialPort = (SerialPort)
portId.open("Serial_Communication", 2000);
} catch (PortInUseException e)
{
return InitFail;
}

//Use InputStream in to read from the serial port, and OutputStream
//out to write to the serial port.

try
{
in = serialPort.getInputStream();
out = serialPort.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException e)
{
return InitFail;
}

//Initialize the communication parameters to 9600, 8, 1, none.

try
{
serialPort.setSerialPortParams(9600,
SerialPort.DATABITS_8,
SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,
SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);
} catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e)
{
return InitFail;
}
} catch (NoSuchPortException e)
{
return InitFail;
}

// when successfully open the serial port, create a new serial buffer,
// then create a thread that consistently accepts incoming signals from
// the serial port. Incoming signals are stored in the serial buffer.

SB = new SerialBuffer();
RT = new ReadSerial(SB, in);
RT.start();

// return success information

return InitSuccess;
}

/**
*
* This function returns a string with a certain length from the incoming
* messages.
*
* @param Length The length of the string to be returned.
*
*/

public String ReadPort(int Length)
{
String Msg;
Msg = SB.GetMsg(Length);
return Msg;
}

/**
*
* This function sends a message through the serial port.
*
* @param Msg The string to be sent.
*
*/

public void WritePort(String Msg)
{
int c;
try
{
for (int i = 0; i < Msg.length(); i++)
out.write(Msg.charAt(i));
} catch (IOException e) {}
}

/**
*
* This function closes the serial port in use.
*
*/

public void ClosePort()
{
RT.stop();
serialPort.close();
}
}

2. SerialBuffer

SerialBuffer是本类库中所定义的串口缓冲区,它定义了往该缓冲区中写入数据和
从该缓冲区中读取数据所需要的函数。

public synchronized String GetMsg(int Length)

本函数从串口(缓冲区)中读取指定长度的一个字符串。参数Length指定所
返回字符串的长度。

public synchronized void PutChar(int c)

本函数望串口缓冲区中写入一个字符,参数c 是需要写入的字符。

在往缓冲区写入数据或者是从缓冲区读取数据的时候,必须保证数据的同
步,因此GetMsg和PutChar函数均被声明为synchronized并在具体实现中采
取措施实现的数据的同步。

SerialBuffer的源代码如下:

package serial;

/**
*
* This class implements the buffer area to store incoming data from the serial
* port.
*
*/

public class SerialBuffer
{
private String Content = "";
private String CurrentMsg, TempContent;
private boolean available = false;
private int LengthNeeded = 1;

/**
*
* This function returns a string with a certain length from the incoming
* messages.
*
* @param Length The length of the string to be returned.
*
*/

public synchronized String GetMsg(int Length)
{
LengthNeeded = Length;
notifyAll();

if (LengthNeeded > Content.length())
{
available = false;
while (available == false)
{
try
{
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) { }
}
}

CurrentMsg = Content.substring(0, LengthNeeded);
TempContent = Content.substring(LengthNeeded);
Content = TempContent;
LengthNeeded = 1;
notifyAll();
return CurrentMsg;
}

/**
*
* This function stores a character captured from the serial port to the
* buffer area.
*
* @param t The char value of the character to be stored.
*
*/

public synchronized void PutChar(int c)
{
Character d = new Character((char) c);
Content = Content.concat(d.toString());
if (LengthNeeded < Content.length())
{
available = true;
}
notifyAll();
}
}

3. ReadSerial

ReadSerial是一个进程,它不断的从指定的串口读取数据并将其存放到缓冲区中。

public ReadSerial(SerialBuffer SB, InputStream Port)

本函数构造一个ReadSerial进程,参数SB指定存放传入数据的缓冲区,参
数Port指定从串口所接收的数据流。

public void run()

ReadSerial进程的主函数,它不断的从指定的串口读取数据并将其存放到
缓冲区中。

ReadSerial的源代码如下:

package serial;

import java.io.*;

/**
*
* This class reads message from the specific serial port and save
* the message to the serial buffer.
*
*/

public class ReadSerial extends Thread
{
private SerialBuffer ComBuffer;
private InputStream ComPort;

/**
*
* Constructor
*
* @param SB The buffer to save the incoming messages.
* @param Port The InputStream from the specific serial port.
*
*/

public ReadSerial(SerialBuffer SB, InputStream Port)
{
ComBuffer = SB;
ComPort = Port;
}

public void run()
{
int c;
try
{
while (true)
{
c = ComPort.read();
ComBuffer.PutChar(c);
}
} catch (IOException e) {}
}
}

4. SerialExample

SerialExample是本类库所提供的一个例程。它所实现的功能是打开串口COM1,对
其进行初始化,从串口读取信息对其进行处理后将处理结果发送到串口。

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