答案:我没看过 其他语言版的数据结构,但觉得java的实现方法很巧妙--用类和对象来实现.基于数组的表,思想很简单就是定义一个类用来存储一组数据,我定义的是ArrayListClass类,在类中定义用来操作数组的方法.其实就是 这么简单,但具体操作起来就会遇到很多麻烦了!
我们这个ArrayListClass类中首先应该包括一个数组型的域list,用来存放数据,这样放在同一数组中数据之间就产生了位置上的联系,使对数据的操作便的简单.然而这个数组到底是什么数据类型的,我们期望这个表能用于所有的数据类型,我们不能将他单纯的固定成某一种.所以我们必须将这个数据普通化,解决的办法就是定义一个类,作为所有数据类型的超类.看这个DataElement:
public abstract class DataElement {
public abstract boolean equals(DataElement otherElement);
public abstract int compareTo(DataElement otherElement);
public abstract void makeCopy(DataElement otherElement);
public abstract DataElement getCopy();
}
将他定义成为抽象的,再在定义其他数据类型时继承并实现它,我定义了两个数据类型IntElement和StringElement:
IntElement:
public class IntElement extends DataElement {
protected int num;
//constructors
public IntElement(){
num=0;
}
public IntElement(int number){
num=number;
}
public IntElement(IntElement otherElement){
num=otherElement.num;
}
///get-set Methods
public void setNum(int number){
num=number;
}
public int getNum(){
return num;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#equals(DataElement)
*/
public boolean equals(DataElement otherElement) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
IntElement newe=(IntElement)otherElement;
return (this.num==newe.num);
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#compareTo(DataElement)
*/
public int compareTo(DataElement otherElement) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
IntElement newe=(IntElement)otherElement;
if(this.num==newe.num)
return 0;
else if(this.num>newe.num)
return 1;
else
return -1;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#makeCopy(DataElement)
*/
public void makeCopy(DataElement otherElement) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
IntElement newe=(IntElement)otherElement;
this.num=newe.num;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#getCopy()
*/
public DataElement getCopy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
IntElement newElement=new IntElement();
newElement.num=this.num;
return newElement;
}
public String toString(){
return String.valueOf(num);
}
}
StringElement:
public class StringElement extends DataElement {
/**
*
*/
private String str;
//constructors
public StringElement() {
str=null;
}
public StringElement(String string){
str=string;
}
public StringElement(StringElement otherElement){
str=otherElement.str;
}
//get-set Methods
public void setStr(String string){
str=string;
}
public String getStr(){
return str;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#equals(DataElement)
*/
public boolean equals(DataElement otherElement) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringElement newe=(StringElement)otherElement;
return (str==newe.str);
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#compareTo(DataElement)
*/
public int compareTo(DataElement otherElement) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringElement newe=(StringElement)otherElement;
return (str.compareTo(newe.str));
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#makeCopy(DataElement)
*/
public void makeCopy(DataElement otherElement) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringElement newe=(StringElement)otherElement;
str=newe.str;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see DataElement#getCopy()
*/
public DataElement getCopy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringElement othere=new StringElement();
othere.str=str;
return othere;
}
public String toString(){
return str;
}
}
已经定义好了数据类型,所以list的数据类型我们就可以定义为DateElement[]了,这样就可以包括所以你想要的了,只要你在用的时候定义一个DataElement的子类就行了,这正是java继承的精髓所在.我们接着定义ArrayListClass类:
protected int length;
protected int maxSize;
protected DataElement[] list;这就是它的所有域了.
接下来就是它的方法了,我们对表的操作应该有很多种,比如插入、查询、删减等等,我们要逐个的实现,具体方法不再赘述,且看最后完成代码
public abstract class ArrayListClass {
//fields
protected int length;
protected int maxSize;
protected DataElement[] list;
//defalt constructors
public ArrayListClass(){
length=0;
maxSize=100;
list=new DataElement[maxSize];
}
//constructors
public ArrayListClass(int size){
if(size<=0){
System.err.println("The arry size must be positive.Creating an array of size 100.");
maxSize=100;
}
else
maxSize=size;
length=0;
list=new DataElement[maxSize];
}
public ArrayListClass(ArrayListClass otherList){
maxSize=otherList.maxSize;
length=otherList.length;
list=new DataElement[maxSize];
for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
list[i]=otherList.list[i].getCopy();
}
}
//methods
public boolean isEmpty(){
return (length==0);
}
public boolean isFull(){
return (length==maxSize);
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