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PostgreSQL之查找最慢的SQL

PostgreSQL之查找最慢的SQL

 PostgreSQL部署上之后,经过一段时间的运行,我们比较关心那些SQL运行时间比较长,或者说那些SQL执行的特别慢,拖累的性能,只有找到这些SQL,才能有针对性地对这些SQL进行优化,提升PostgreSQL的性能。
 PostgreSQL提供了pg_stat_statements来存储SQL的运行次数,总运行时间,shared_buffer命中次数,shared_buffer read次数等统计信息。

Name Type References Description
userid oid pg_authid.oid OID of user who executed the statement
dbid oid pg_database.oid OID of database in which the statement was executed
query text Text of the statement (up to track_activity_query_size bytes)
calls bigint Number of times executed
total_time double precision Total time spent in the statement, in seconds
rows bigint Total number of rows retrieved or affected by the statement
shared_blks_hit bigint Total number of shared blocks hits by the statement
shared_blks_read bigint Total number of shared blocks reads by the statement
shared_blks_written bigint Total number of shared blocks writes by the statement
local_blks_hit bigint Total number of local blocks hits by the statement
local_blks_read bigint Total number of local blocks reads by the statement
local_blks_written bigint Total number of local blocks writes by the statement
temp_blks_read bigint Total number of temp blocks reads by the statement
temp_blks_written bigint Total number of temp blocks writes by the statemen
 上图表来自PostgreSQL官方文档,注意的一点是,我的PostgreSQL是9.1.9,此时total_time的单位是秒,我观9.2的PostgreSQL的文档,total_time单位已经是毫秒。所以More On PostgreSQL perform 里面应该用的是9.2,因为外国这位大神默认单位是毫秒。
 可以看出,pg_stat_statements统计了SQL的很多信息,方便我们分析SQL的性能。但是这个属于PostgreSQL的扩展,需要修改postgresql.conf,才能使用:
操作步骤如下
 1 修改配置文件,并且重启PostgreSQL方能生效
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PG_STAT_STATEMENTS OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'
custom_variable_classes = 'pg_stat_statements'
pg_stat_statements.max = 1000
pg_stat_statements.track = all
 2 创建pg_stat_statements扩展
CREATE EXTENSION pg_stat_statements;
 从此之后,PostgreSQL就能记录SQL的统计信息。
 上面的表格虽然丰富,其实我们基本比较关心执行最慢的SQL,如何查看执行最慢的10条SQL?
SELECT  query, calls, total_time, (total_time/calls) as average ,rows, 
 100.0 * shared_blks_hit /nullif(shared_blks_hit + shared_blks_read, 0) AS hit_percent 
FROM  pg_stat_statements 
ORDER BY average DESC LIMIT 10;
  我在我本地的DB,查找最慢的2条SQL,输出如下:
 
 在我另一台机器上,用pgadmin查看:
 
 统计结果一直都在,重启也不会清零,那么统计结果如何清零重新统计呢?执行下面SQL即可:
select pg_stat_statements_reset() ;
  找到最耗时的SQL,我们就能针对这些耗时的SQL,查看是否有优化的余地。

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