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设计模式-结构型-享元模式(Flyweight)

概述
运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

适用情形
    当都具备下列情况时,使用Flyweight模式:
    1.一个应用程序使用了大量的对象。
    2.完全由于使用大量的对象,造成很大的存储开销。
    3.对象的大多数状态都可变为外部状态。
    4.如果删除对象的外部状态,那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象。
    5.应用程序不依赖于对象标识。由于Flyweight对象可以被共享,对于概念上明显有别的对象,标识测试将返回真值。
参与者
    1.Flyweight      描述一个接口,通过这个接口flyweight可以接受并作用于外部状态。
    2.ConcreteFlyweight
      实现Flyweight接口,并为内部状态(如果有的话)增加存储空间。      ConcreteFlyweight对象必须是可共享的。它所存储的状态必须是内部的;即,它必须独立于ConcreteFlyweight对象的场景。
    3.UnsharedConcreteFlyweight      并非所有的Flyweight子类都需要被共享。Flyweight接口使共享成为可能,但它并不强制共享。      在Flyweight对象结构的某些层次,UnsharedConcreteFlyweight对象通常将ConcreteFlyweight对象作为子节点。
    4.FlyweightFactory      创建并管理flyweight对象。      确保合理地共享flyweight。当用户请求一个flyweight时,FlyweightFactory对象提供一个已创建的实例或者创建一个(如果不存在的话)。
结构图


示例代码:
package com.sql9.structured; 
 
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
 
abstract class Flyweight  

    abstract public void doOperation(int extrinsicState);        

 
class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight 

    @Override 
    public void doOperation(int extrinsicState) 
    { 
    } 

 
class ConcreteEvenFlyweight extends Flyweight 

    @Override 
    public void doOperation(int extrinsicState) 
    { 
        System.out.println("In ConcreteEvenFlyweight.DoOperation: " + extrinsicState);                      
    } 

 
class ConcreteUnevenFlyweight extends Flyweight 

    @Override 
    public void doOperation(int extrinsicState) 
    { 
        System.out.println("In ConcreteUnevenFlyweight.DoOperation: " + extrinsicState);            
    }    

 
class FlyweightFactory  

    private List<Flyweight> pool = new ArrayList<Flyweight>(); 
 
    // the flyweightfactory can crete all entries in the pool at startup  
    // (if the pool is small, and it is likely all will be used), or as  
    // needed, if the pool si large and it is likely some will never be used 
    public FlyweightFactory() 
    { 
        pool.add(new ConcreteEvenFlyweight());       
        pool.add(new ConcreteUnevenFlyweight());             
    } 
 
    public Flyweight getFlyweight(int key) 
    { 
        // here we would determine if the flyweight identified by key  
        // exists, and if so return it. If not, we would create it.  
        // As in this demo we have implementation all the possible  
        // flyweights we wish to use, we retrun the suitable one.  
        int i = key % 2; 
        return((Flyweight)pool.get(i));  
    } 

 
public class FlyweightTest { 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        int[] data = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}; 
         
        FlyweightFactory f = new FlyweightFactory(); 
         
        int extrinsicState = 3; 
        for (int i : data) 
        { 
            Flyweight flyweight = f.getFlyweight(i); 
            flyweight.doOperation(extrinsicState); 
        } 
    } 

结果
In ConcreteUnevenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 
In ConcreteEvenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 
In ConcreteUnevenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 
In ConcreteEvenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 
In ConcreteUnevenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 
In ConcreteEvenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 
In ConcreteUnevenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 
In ConcreteEvenFlyweight.DoOperation: 3 

补充:软件开发 , Java ,
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