基于UNIX平台FTP服务器的建立
目前很多企业单位正在构架自己的Intranet，FTP服务器是其中的一个服务支持，有很多单位购置了基于UNIX平台的计算机，为了在网上能够提供FTP服务支持，专门购置基于UNIX平台的FTP Server软件，其实在基于UNIX平台的计算机系统中，采取一定的技术方法，就可以建立自己的FTP Server，实现网上文件上下载服务，无须再购置专门的软件，和乐而不为之呢？下面就其建立过程阐述如下：1.确定FTP Server的共享目录
为FTP Server建立一个FTP工作目录，在此设定为/home/ftp
2.编写FTP Server初始设置的Shell程序（setup）
用编辑工具（如vi）编写一个Shell程序，用于对系统进行设置。
#!/bin/sh
case $# in
0) ftphome="`grep '^ftp:' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f6`"
;;
1) if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
ftphome="`grep '^ftp:' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f6`"
else
ftphome=$1
fi
;;
*) echo "Usage: $0 [anon-ftp-root]"
exit 1
;;
esac
if [ -z "${ftphome}" ]; then
echo "$0: ftphome must be non-null"
exit 2
fi
if [ "${ftphome}" = "/" -o "${ftphome}" = "/usr" ]; then
echo "$0: ftphome must not be / or /usr"
exit 2
fi
if [ ! -d ${ftphome} ]; then
mkdir ${ftphome}
fi
if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/usr/bin ]; then
mkdir -p ${ftphome}/usr/bin
fi
cp /usr/bin/ls ${ftphome}/usr/bin
chmod 111 ${ftphome}/usr/bin/ls
chown root ${ftphome}/usr/bin
chmod 555 ${ftphome}/usr/bin
if [ -r ${ftphome}/bin ]; then
mv -f ${ftphome}/bin ${ftphome}/Obin
fi
ln -s usr/bin ${ftphome}
if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/usr/lib ]; then
mkdir -p ${ftphome}/usr/lib
fi
if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/etc ]; then
mkdir -p ${ftphome}/etc
fi
cp /usr/lib/ld.so /usr/lib/ld.so.1 ${ftphome}/usr/lib
for lib in libc libdl libintl libw libnsl libsocket
nss_nis nss_nisplus nss_dns nss_files
do
cp /usr/lib/${lib}.so.1 ${ftphome}/usr/lib
rm -f ${ftphome}/usr/lib/${lib}.so
ln -s ./${lib}.so.1 ${ftphome}/usr/lib/${lib}.so
done
cp /usr/lib/straddr.so.2 ${ftphome}/usr/lib
rm -f ${ftphome}/usr/lib/straddr.so
ln -s ./straddr.so.2 ${ftphome}/usr/lib/straddr.so
cp /etc/passwd /etc/group /etc/netconfig ${ftphome}/etc
chmod 555 ${ftphome}/usr/lib/*
chmod 444 ${ftphome}/etc/*
chown root ${ftphome}/usr/lib ${ftphome}/etc
chmod 555 ${ftphome}/usr/lib ${ftphome}/etc
if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/dev ]; then
mkdir -p ${ftphome}/dev
fi
prefix="/devices/pseudo/mm@0:"
for device in zero
line=`ls -l ${prefix}${device} | sed -e 's/,//'`
major=`echo $line | awk '{print $5}'`
minor=`echo $line | awk '{print $6}'`
rm -f ${ftphome}/dev/${device}
mknod ${ftphome}/dev/${device} c ${major} ${minor}
done
prefix="/devices/pseudo/clone@0:"
for device in tcp udp ticotsord
do
line=`ls -l ${prefix}${device} | sed -e 's/,//'`
major=`echo $line | awk '{print $5}'`
minor=`echo $line | awk '{print $6}'`
rm -f ${ftphome}/dev/${device}
mknod ${ftphome}/dev/${device} c ${major} ${minor}
done
chmod 666 ${ftphome}/dev/*
chown root ${ftphome}/dev
chmod 555 ${ftphome}/dev
#建立一个匿名FTP服务目录，并设立可读可写属性
if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/pub ]; then
mkdir -p ${ftphome}/pub
fi
chown ftp ${ftphome}/pub
chmod 777 ${ftphome}/pub
3. 编辑/etc/passwd和/etc/shadow文件
设置匿名FTP帐号，按下面方法分别对/etc/passwd和/etc/shadow两个文件中增加如下数据项：
（1）在/etc/passwd文件中增加
ftp:x:30000:30000:Anonymous FTP:/home/ftp:/nosuchshell
（2）在/etc/shadow文件中增加
ftp:NP:6445::::::
4. 运行setup程序
在运行setup程序之前，将该文件设置成执行文件
#chmod +x setup
运行setup程序 #setup /home/ftp
以上步骤就完成了FTP服务器的建立，即可使用FTP服务器，可以用如explorer、netscape navigator等浏览器对FTP服务器进行访问，进行下载和上载文件操作，使用非常方便。
