Javascript 风格向导
大部分针对Javascript最合理的方法归纳。
类型
• 原始类型:我们可以直接使用值。
ο string
ο number
ο boolean
ο null
ο undefined
var foo = 1,
bar = foo;
bar = 9;
console.log(foo, bar); // => 1, 9• 复合类型:我们通过`引用`对值进行间接访问。
ο object
ο array
ο function
var foo = [1, 2],
bar = foo;
bar[0] = 9;
console.log(foo[0], bar[0]); // => 9, 9
Objects
• 使用{}创建对象。
// bad
var item = new Object();
// good
var item = {};
• 不要使用保留字作为关键字。
// bad
var superman = {
class: 'superhero',
default: { clark: 'kent' },
private: true
};
// good
var superman = {
klass: 'superhero',
defaults: { clark: 'kent' },
hidden: true
};
Arrays
• 使用[]创建数组
// bad
var items = new Array();
// good
var items = []; • 如果你不知道数组长度,使用Array#push。
var someStack = [];
// bad
someStack[someStack.length] = 'abracadabra';
// good
someStack.push('abracadabra');
• 当你需要复制数组的时候,请使用Array#slice。
var len = items.length,
itemsCopy = [],
i;
// bad
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
itemsCopy[i] = items[i];
}
// good
itemsCopy = items.slice();
Strings
• 对于字符串,我们使用单引号''。
// bad
var name = "Bob Parr";
// good
var name = 'Bob Parr';
// bad
var fullName = "Bob " + this.lastName;
// good
var fullName = 'Bob ' + this.lastName; • 超过80个字符的字符串,我们使用串联符号(\),让字符串多行显示。
• 注意:如果过度使用带串联符号的字符可能会影响到性能。
// bad
var errorMessage = 'This is a super long error that was thrown because of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do with this, you would get nowhere fast.';
// bad
var errorMessage = 'This is a super long error that \
was thrown because of Batman. \
When you stop to think about \
how Batman had anything to do \
with this, you would get nowhere \
fast.';
// good
var errorMessage = 'This is a super long error that ' +
'was thrown because of Batman.' +
'When you stop to think about ' +
'how Batman had anything to do ' +
'with this, you would get nowhere ' +
'fast.';
• 当我们在编程的时候,需要拼接出一个字符串,我们可以使用Array#join 代替字符串连接。尤其是对IE浏览器。
var items,
messages,
length, i;
messages = [{
state: 'success',
message: 'This one worked.'
},{
state: 'success',
message: 'This one worked as well.'
},{
state: 'error',
message: 'This one did not work.'
}];
length = messages.length;
// bad
function inbox(messages) {
items = '<ul>';
for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
items += '<li>' + messages[i].message + '</li>';
}
return items + '</ul>';
}
// good
function inbox(messages) {
items = [];
for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
items[i] = messages[i].message;
}
return '<ul><li>' + items.join('</li><li>') + '</li></ul>';
}
Functions
• 函数表达式
// anonymous function expression
var anonymous = function() {
return true;
};
// named function expression
var named = function named() {
return true;
};
// immediately-invoked function expression (IIFE)
(function() {
console.log('Welcome to the Internet. Please follow me.');
})(); • 绝对不要在非函数块(if,while)申明一个函数。我们可以把函数申明变成一个函数表达式。
// bad
if (currentUser) {
function test() {
console.log('Nope.');
}
}
// good
if (currentUser) {
var test = function test() {
console.log('Yup.');
};
}
• 绝对不要把一个参数命名为arguments,arguments参数是函数作用域内给出的一个特殊变量,如果你把参数命名为arguments,那么这个参数就会覆盖它原有的特殊变量。
// bad
function nope(name, options, arguments) {
// ...stuff...
}
// good
function yup(name, options, args) {
// ...stuff...
}
补充:web前端 , JavaScript ,