Linux/Unix shell脚本跨服务器跨实例执行SQL

Linux/Unix shell脚本跨服务器跨实例执行SQL

 

      在DB运维的过程中，难免碰到需要跨多个服务器以及多个Oracle实例查询数据库的情形。比如我们需要查看当前所有生产环境数据库上open_cursor参数的值以便考虑是否需要增加。而需要查看的数据库服务器上有多个实例，同时又存在多个数据库服务器，这样子下来，几十个DB，上百个的情形一个个查，那得把人给累死。那就像点办法撒，写个shell脚本，轮巡所有服务器及服务器上的所有实例。

    

1、使用ssh-keygen生成密钥实现快速登陆

[python] 
要跨服务器自动执行脚本，得需要实现免密码自动登陆，然后才能在多个服务器之间跳转，因此我们首先需要生成登陆密钥。  
生存登陆密钥需要三个步骤，在本地机器创建密钥，复制公钥要远程主机，将公钥追加到远程主机的authorized_keys  
下面是一个操作示例:   
  
  oracle@linux1:~> mkdir ~/.ssh             #首先在本地创建.ssh目录并赋予权限  
  oracle@linux1:~> chmod 700 ~/.ssh  
  oracle@linux1:~> ssh-keygen -t rsa        #使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对，也可以使用dsa方式  
  Generating public/private rsa key pair.  
  Enter file in which to save the key (/users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):   
  Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):   
  Enter same passphrase again:   
  Your identification has been saved in /users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.  
  Your public key has been saved in /users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.  
  The key fingerprint is:  
  01:c8:48:01:f2:3d:a7:b4:cd:4a:9c:10:2d:ba:ef:4e oracle@linux1  
    
  oracle@linux2:~> mkdir ~/.ssh            #远程服务器创建.ssh目录并赋予权限  
  oracle@linux2:~> chmod 700 ~/.ssh  
    
  oracle@linux1:~> scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.168.1.196:~/.ssh     #复制公钥到远程服务器，即机器linux2  
  The authenticity of host '172.168.1.196 (172.168.1.196)' can't be established.  
  RSA key fingerprint is 08:3d:69:80:85:1d:ce:57:32:e0:72:e0:38:66:0c:36.  
  Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes  
  Warning: Permanently added '172.168.1.196' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.  
  Password:   
  id_rsa.pub            100%  393     0.4KB/s   00:00    
    
  oracle@linux2:~> cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys  #将公钥追加到远程服务器的authorized_keys  
    
  oracle@linux1:~> ssh 172.168.1.196 date                          #验证是否需要输入密码                                     
  Thu Aug 22 10:50:47 HKT 2013  

 

2、使用tnsnames方式轮巡多服务器及实例

[python] 
#下面是通过tnsnames方式进行轮巡的shell脚本，也就是仅仅需要从远程服务器获取/etc/oratab下的所有实例即可  
#需要注意的：  
# a. 确保本地环境存在到所有远程服务器的tnsnames连接字符串，如果没有也没有关系，会收到错误  
# b. 需要所有被轮巡数据库的用户及密码并具有相应的权限  
# c. 如果所需要执行的sql属于比较复杂的情形，我们可以将sql语句写入到一个单独的文件，然后调用  
  
oracle@linux1:~> more query_multi_inst_tns.sh   
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
# Script Name: query_multi_inst_tns.sh                                                |  
# Desc:  This script login to different remote host where define in known_host file,  |  
#        after that look through oratab and execute SQL for each instance             |   
#        in local machine by tnsnames.                                                |  
# Req:   Configure a secure shell by ssh-keygen to all remote host                    |   
#        Add Oracle Net string to local tnsnames.ora for each remote instance         |  
# Author : Robinson                                                                   |  
# Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612                                         |  
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
#!/bin/bash  
  
# --------------------------------------------  
# Set environment vairable and define variable  
# --------------------------------------------  
  
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then  
    . ~/.bash_profile  
fi  
  
ORATAB=/etc/oratab  
RHOST=~/.ssh/known_hosts  
LOGFILE=/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/log/query_multi_inst.log  
  
# -------------------------------  
# take a loop in each hostname  
# -------------------------------  
  
{  
for host in `cat $RHOST | awk '{print $1}'`   
do  
    echo "************************************"  
    echo "Current host is $host."  
    echo "************************************"  
    echo ""  
  
    # ---------------------------  
    # take a loop in ORATAB file  
    # ---------------------------  
  
    for db in `ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# |cut -d ":" -f1`  
    do  
        echo "------------------------------------"  
        echo "Current database is $db.            "  
        echo "------------------------------------"  
        $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus -S usr/passwd@$db <<EOF  
        col name format a30  
        col value format a20  
        select name,value from v\$parameter where name='open_cursors';  
        exit  
EOF  
    done  
done  
}|tee -a ${LOGFILE} 2>&1  
exit  

 

3、直接在远程服务器环境轮巡所有实例

[python] 
#下面是直接在远程主机环境执行SQL并轮巡的shell脚本，这种方式可以用于没有或不知道数据库用户及密码的情形  
#需要注意的：  
# a. 该方式使用了基于操作系统用户身份验证，应确保支持该方式  
# b. 如果需要执行的SQL语句比较复杂，直接嵌套的shell脚本也复杂。如果写成.sql文件，每一个服务器需要存在一个副本  
  
oracle@linux1:~> more query_multi_inst_notns.sh   
#!/bin/bash  
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
# Script Name: query_multi_inst_notns.sh                                              |  
# Desc:  This script login to different remote host where define in known_host file,  |   
#        after that look through oratab and execute SQL in each remote instance.      |    
# Req:   Configure a secure shell by ssh-keygen to all remote host                    |  
# Author : Robinson                                                                   |  
# Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612                                         |  
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
#  
# --------------------------------------------  
# Set environment vairable and define variable  
# --------------------------------------------  
  
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then  
    . ~/.bash_profile  
fi  
  
ORATAB=/etc/oratab  
RHOST=~/.ssh/known_hosts  
LOGFILE=/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/log/query_multi_inst_notns.log  
  
# -------------------------------  
# take a loop in each hostname  
# -------------------------------  
  
{  
for host in `cat $RHOST | awk '{print $1}'`   
do  
    echo "************************************"  
    echo "Current host is $host."  
    echo "************************************"  
    echo ""  
  
    # ---------------------------  
    # take a loop in ORATAB file  
    # ---------------------------  
  
    for db in `ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# |cut -d ":" -f1`  
    do  
        echo "------------------------------------"  
        echo "Current database is $db.            "  
        echo "------------------------------------"  
        home=`ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# | grep $db |cut -d ":" -f2`  
        ssh $host "  
        export ORACLE_SID=$db  
        export ORACLE_HOME=${home}  
        ${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/sqlplus -S / as sysdba  <<EOF  
        col name format a30  
        col value format a20  
        select name,value from v\\"\$"parameter