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VB.Net中文教程(1) 类别与封装性(3)

 

 

Messagebox.Show("height = " + str(a.height) + "公尺")

   End Sub

End Class

 

此程序输出如下﹕height = 2.1公尺

   此程序中﹐Tree类别含有 3个资料成员﹐即对象内含有3个资料值,此类别之程序成员能直接存取之。同时,也允许其它程序来存取资料成员之值﹐其存取格式为﹕

              

例如﹕

                a.height = 2.1

 

此指令把 2.1存入对象 a之height变量中。于是对象 a之内容为﹕

  

                    

             

   请看个常见错误如下﹕

 

ex06.bas

Some Error Here!

Imports System.ComponentModel

Imports System.Drawing

Imports System.WinForms

-------------------- ------------------------------------

Class Tree

   Public varity As String

   Public age As Integer

   Public height As Single

End Class

--------------------------------------------------------

Public Class Form1

   Inherits System.WinForms.Form

  

   Public Sub New()

       MyBase.New()

       Form1 = Me

       This call is required by the Win Form Designer.

       InitializeComponent()

       TODO: Add any initialization after the InitializeComponent() call

   End Sub

   Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.

   Public Overrides Sub Dispose()

       MyBase.Dispose()

       components.Dispose()

   End Sub

#Region " Windows Form Designer generated code "

   .......

#End Region

   Protected Sub Form1_Click( ByVal sender As Object, ByVal

                           e As System.EventArgs)

       Dim a As New Tree()

       height = 2.1

       Messagebox.Show("height = " + str(a.height) + "公尺")

   End Sub

End Class

 

Form1_Click()程序内之指令── height = 2.1,此height变量并未与对象配合使用﹐计算机不认为它是Tree类别之height变量。计算机视其为Form1_Click()之自动变量(Automatic Variable)﹐但却未见到它的宣告﹐因之程序错了﹗这是对象对其资料成员保护最松的情形﹐因为对象所属类别(即Tree)之外的程序(如Form1_Click()程序)尚能存取资料成员的内容。就像一颗炸弹﹐除了引信管外﹐尚有许多管道可使炸弹内之化学药品爆炸﹔您将不敢把炸弹摆在飞机上﹐因何时会爆炸将无法控制。同理﹐Tree类别之资料──height变量﹐连外部的Form1_Click()皆可随意改变它﹔那么有一天height之内容出问题了﹐将难以追查出错之缘故﹐这种程序将让您大伤脑筋﹐因为您已无法掌握状况了。

   现在的VB程序中﹐能采取较严密之保护措施﹐使您较能控制类别内资料的变化状况。例如﹐

 

ex07.bas

补充:软件开发 , Vb ,
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