裸指针和智能指针的性能对比
本文比较了裸指针和智能指针的性能1.unique_ptr与queue连用,unique_ptr的使用特点:不能使用拷贝构造函数,拷贝赋值函数,但是可以使用move构造函数和move赋值函数。
2.std::move的使用,可以将左值表达式强制转化成为右值表达式
3. 重载new操作符调试内存使用情况,因为心里不是很放心(智能指针真的为我释放了内存么?)所以尝试了重写new delete操作符。
4. 得到的结果是raw_ptr:unique_ptr:shared_ptr的性能是5:7:11,可见智能指针的效率还是相当诱人。
#include <iostream> #include <memory> #include <Windows.h> #include <queue> #include <Psapi.h> using namespace std; static size_t s_my_int_count = 0; const int MAX_LOOP_ = 3000000; const int NORMAL_FLAG = 0x12ff0101; const int MY_INT_FLAG = 0x12ff0102; void* operator new(std::size_t size)throw(std::bad_alloc)//重写new操作符为的是统计我们关心的内存分配 { int addLen = sizeof(size_t); void * p = std::malloc(addLen + 4 + size) ; if (!p) throw std::bad_alloc() ; memcpy(p, &size, addLen);//标志实际长度 memcpy((char*)p + addLen, &NORMAL_FLAG, 4);//标志类型,普通---0x12ff0101, 我自己的int---0x12ff0102, 我自己的char[]---0x12ff0103 return ((char*)p + addLen + 4); } void* operator new(std::size_t size, int flag)throw(std::bad_alloc)// 对应于调用 “new(MY_INT_FLAG) int” 这样所有我们关心的内存多可以被监视 { int addLen = sizeof(size_t); void * p = std::malloc(addLen + 4 + size) ; if (!p) throw std::bad_alloc() ; if (flag == MY_INT_FLAG){ s_my_int_count ++;//统计关心的内存申请次数 } memcpy(p, &size, addLen);//标志实际长度 memcpy((char*)p + addLen, &flag, 4);//放置标志位,标志类型,普通---0x12ff0101, 我自己的int---0x12ff0102, 我自己的char[]---0x12ff0103 return ((char*)p + addLen + 4); } void operator delete(void * q) throw() { void* p; int addLen = sizeof(size_t); p = (char*)q - addLen - 4;//还原原来的指针位置,p是真正的系统malloc出来的指针 int flag; memcpy(&flag, (char*)p + addLen, 4);//得到标志位 if (flag == MY_INT_FLAG){//统计关心的内存释放次数 s_my_int_count --; } if (p) std::free(p) ; } void main(){ queue<int*> intQueue; int count = 0; count = 0; cout << "before push " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; LONGLONG start = GetTickCount(); for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOP_; i ++) { int* p = new(MY_INT_FLAG) int; intQueue.push(p); } cout << "after push " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; while (!intQueue.empty()){ int* p = intQueue.front(); intQueue.pop(); delete p;//注意需要手动释放 count ++; } cout << "after pop " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; cout << "===================raw int ptr for " << count << "\t" << GetTickCount() - start << endl; unique_ptr<int> q(new int); unique_ptr<int> r = move(q);// 编译正确,r(q) 和 r = q则编译失败,因为unique_ptr已经不允许使用“拷贝构造函数” queue<unique_ptr<int>> intUniQueue;//因为unique_ptr没有“拷贝构造函数” copy-constructor //所以push()的参数不能是“左值”,左值会调用“拷贝构造函数” //只能是“右值”,右值则会调用“移动构造函数” move-constructor, //std::move()函数可以强制将左值转化成为右值 count = 0; start = GetTickCount(); cout << "before push " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOP_; i ++) { unique_ptr<int> p(new(MY_INT_FLAG) int); intUniQueue.push(std::move(p));//因为p不是“右值”,所以我们需要“显式”的调用move将p强制转为右值。 } cout << "after push " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; while (!intUniQueue.empty()){ unique_ptr<int> p = std::move(intUniQueue.front());//queue.front() 是一个左值引用,即queue.front()=2 合法。 intUniQueue.pop(); count ++; } cout << "after pop " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; cout << "===================int unique ptr for " << count << "\t" << GetTickCount() - start << endl; queue<shared_ptr<int>> intSharedQueue; count = 0; start = GetTickCount(); cout << "before push " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOP_; i ++) { shared_ptr<int> p(new(MY_INT_FLAG) int); intSharedQueue.push(p); } cout << "after push " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; while (!intSharedQueue.empty()){ auto p = intSharedQueue.front(); intSharedQueue.pop(); count ++; } cout << "after pop " << s_my_int_count << " int allocated"<< endl; cout << "===================int shared ptr for " << count << "\t" << GetTickCount() - start << endl; } /* 智能指针省去了我们释放指针的精力,但是也需要一定的开销。unique_ptr 的开销相对于shared_ptr要小很多。 如果一个资源每个时刻都只要有一个支配者,我们还是优先使用unique_ptr吧,效率会高很多。 before push 0 int allocated after push 3000000 int allocated after pop 0 int allocated ===================raw int ptr for 3000000 5375 before push 0 int allocated after push 3000000 int allocated after pop 0 int allocated ===================int unique ptr for 3000000 7313 before push 0 int allocated after push 3000000 int allocated after pop 0 int allocated ===================int shared ptr for 3000000 11171 请按任意键继续. . . */
补充:软件开发 , C++ ,