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Apache安装、配置、优化

Apache 安装、配置、优化

  安装 Apache 2.0.48 (查看Install手册)

  考虑到以后要 rewite_url 来使 google 更加容易收录网站,特地添加了 mod_rewrite 。

  同时为了限制流量,特别加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 补丁 , 所以多了一个 --enable-forward 选项。

  建议安装完毕以后不要删除安装目录,以便以后升级时使用。

  记得升级前关闭 apache2.0

  编译过程:

  代码:

  #./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl

  --enable-forward

  # make

  # make install

  这个例子里面是编译了 mod_so,mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。

  同样有另外几种写法

  代码:

  #./configure --enable-modules=so --enable-modules=speling --enable-modules=rewrite

  或者

  代码:

  #./configure --enable-modules=”so speling”

  --enable-MODULE[=shared] 编译并包含模块 MODULE. MODULE 是文档中去掉” _module ”的模块名。要将一个模块编译成为 DSO, 需要加 -shared 选项 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。 (查看 MODULE 手册)

  注意 :"如果希望核心能够装载 DSO,而不实际编译任何动态模块,则要明确指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手册),所以前面的顺序不能交换顺序。 查看所有apache 的 configure 参数

  安装完毕后可以用以下命令来查看启动了那些模块

  代码:

  # apachectl -l

  Compiled in modules:

  core.c

  mod_access.c

  mod_auth.c

  mod_include.c

  mod_log_config.c

  mod_env.c

  mod_setenvif.c

  prefork.c

  http_core.c

  mod_mime.c

  mod_status.c

  mod_autoindex.c

  mod_asis.c

  mod_cgi.c

  mod_negotiation.c

  mod_dir.c mod_imap.c

  mod_actions.c

  mod_speling.c

  mod_userdir.c

  mod_alias.c

  mod_rewrite.c

  mod_so.c

  接着,将启动程序放入开机程序中去。 如果要启动 ssl 加密网页,则必须通过手动启动 apache2.0 (参见 ssl 部分 )

  代码:

  # echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

  参考:

  代码:

  If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot ,

  you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local

  or

  a file in an rc.N

  directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure

  that your server is properly configured for

  security and access restrictions.

  在 profile 里面添加以上的语句来设置路径,使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了输入路径的麻烦。

  代码:

  # vi /etc/profile

  PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:”

  配置 apache2.0

  代码:

  # vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

  配置文件请看文件 httpd.conf (设置文档目录为/home/dalouis/public_html)

  代码:

  #chmod 755 ? R /home/dalouis/

  设置目录的可读性为 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否则会出现 "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server."

  一些关于安全性的配置:

  考虑到 cgi-bin 的安全性问题,我们暂时将 cgi-bin 去掉。将所有 httpd.conf 中的所有关于 cgi-bin 的行加上 #.

  Xiyang 的配置

  我用的: mod_limitipconn, mod_expires, mod_gzip, mod_php4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core

  关于超时的问题

  在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候,经常会出现因为超时,或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题,原因有二,一是代码的不科学性,二是 apache 的设置问题。

  以下是对设置的一点改动:

  代码:

  # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than

  # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.

  # KeepAlive Off

  # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow

  # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.

  # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.

  # MaxKeepAliveRequests 0

  # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request

  # from the same client on the same connection.

  # KeepAliveTimeout 0

  • 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行,将参数由 common 改成 combined

  代码:

  # If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles,

  # uncomment the following directives.

  CustomLog logs/referer_log referer

  CustomLog logs/agent_log agent

  CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined

  使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数

  Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要 重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。

  代码:

  ##Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking:

  # tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz

  # tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

  # cd httpd-2.0.39

  # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff

  # ./buildconf

  # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

  # make

  # make install

  # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22

  # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH

  # make install

  安装过程

  # lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

  # tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

  # cd httpd-2.0.48

  # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff

  patching file configure.in

  Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines).

  patching file include/scoreboard.h

  patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c

  Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines).

  patching file server/scoreboard.c

  # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

  # make

  # make install

  # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22

  # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH

  # make install

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

  Libraries have been installed in:

  /usr/local/apache2/modules

  If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries

  in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and

  specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'

  flag during linking and do at least one of the following:

  - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment

  variable

  during execution

  - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable

  during linking

  - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag

  - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'

  See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for

  more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
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