python的setup.py文件及其常用命令

编写setup.py文件，获取帮助：python setup.py --help-commands

[python]
Standard commands:
build             build everything needed to install
build_py          "build" pure Python modules (copy to build directory)
build_ext         build C/C++ extensions (compile/link to build directory)
build_clib        build C/C++ libraries used by Python extensions
build_scripts     "build" scripts (copy and fixup #! line)
clean             clean up temporary files from 'build' command
install           install everything from build directory
install_lib       install all Python modules (extensions and pure Python)
install_headers   install C/C++ header files
install_scripts   install scripts (Python or otherwise)
install_data      install data files
sdist             create a source distribution (tarball, zip file, etc.)
register          register the distribution with the Python package index
bdist             create a built (binary) distribution
bdist_dumb        create a "dumb" built distribution
bdist_rpm         create an RPM distribution
bdist_wininst     create an executable installer for MS Windows
upload            upload binary package to PyPI
check             perform some checks on the package

Extra commands:
rotate            delete older distributions, keeping N newest files
develop           install package in 'development mode'
setopt            set an option in setup.cfg or another config file
saveopts          save supplied options to setup.cfg or other config file
egg_info          create a distribution's .egg-info directory
install_egg_info Install an .egg-info directory for the package
alias             define a shortcut to invoke one or more commands
easy_install      Find/get/install Python packages
bdist_egg         create an "egg" distribution
test              run unit tests after in-place build

standard commands(标准命令)是distutils内建命令，而Extra commands（附加命令）是像

setuptools这样的第三方包创建的。

命令详解：
1.sdist：用来创建一个源码包，在windows下为zip格式，linux下为tag.gz格式。
setup.py示例：
from setuptools import setup
setup(name='xxx',version='0.1.1')
打包命令：python setup.py sdist
distutils将浏览包的路径，查找包含在档案中的文件，包括：
   1）所有py_modules、packages和scripts选项隐含的python源文件
   2）所有在ext_modules选项中列出的C源文件
   3）符合test/test*.py模式的文件
   4）README、README.txt、setup.py和setup.cfg文件

如果需要包含更多文件，那么可以使用MANIFEST.in文件模版，示例如下：
include xx.txt
include yy/xx.txt
....
2.bdist_egg:用来创建一个二进制分发版本，经常用来替代基于bdist生成的模式

3.install：安装包到python中。另外，他还可能会安装在setup.py中的install_requires定义的