ACM 每日水题以及小练习 2013年11月5日

题目

DNA Sorting

Description

One measure of ``unsortedness'' in a sequence is the number of pairs of entries that are out of order with respect to each other. For instance, in the letter sequence ``DAABEC'', this measure is 5, since D is greater than four letters to its right and E is greater than one letter to its right. This measure is called the number of inversions in the sequence. The sequence ``AACEDGG'' has only one inversion (E and D)---it is nearly sorted---while the sequence ``ZWQM'' has 6 inversions (it is as unsorted as can be---exactly the reverse of sorted).

You are responsible for cataloguing a sequence of DNA strings (sequences containing only the four letters A, C, G, and T). However, you want to catalog them, not in alphabetical order, but rather in order of ``sortedness'', from ``most sorted'' to ``least sorted''. All the strings are of the same length.

Input

The first line contains two integers: a positive integer n (0 < n <= 50) giving the length of the strings; and a positive integer m (0 < m <= 100) giving the number of strings. These are followed by m lines, each containing a string of length n.

Output

Output the list of input strings, arranged from ``most sorted'' to ``least sorted''. Since two strings can be equally sorted, then output them according to the orginal order.

大致题意

序列“未排序程度”的一个计算方式是元素乱序的元素对个数。例如：在单词序列“DAABEC'”中，因为D大于右边四个单词，E大于C，所以计算结果为5。这种计算方法称为序列的逆序数。序列“AACEDGG”逆序数为1（E与D）——近似排序，而序列``ZWQM'' 逆序数为6（它是已排序序列的反序）。

你的任务是分类DNA字符串（只有ACGT四个字符）。但是你分类它们的方法不是字典序，而是逆序数，排序程度从好到差。所有字符串长度相同。

即是输入m个长度为n的DNA序列，把他们按照逆序数从小到大稳定排序输出。

PS:“稳定排序”就是当序列中出现A1==A2时，排序前后A1与A2的相对位置不发生改变。

代码

/*****  简单ACM水题 ********/  
  
/******** written by C_Shit_Hu ************/  
  
////////////////POJ_1007///////////////  
  
/****************************************************************************/  
/*  
没难度，先求各个字符串的逆序数，再按逆序数对字符串快排，用qsort()函数。 
虽然快排不是稳定的排序，但是只要在定义排序规则函数cmp做适当处理，a==b时返回0，即不处理a和b，就不会改变他们之间的相对位置了。 
*/  
/****************************************************************************/  
  
#include<iostream>  
#include<algorithm>  
using namespace std;  
  
typedef class dna  
{  
    public:  
        int num;  //逆序数  
        char sq[110];  //DNA序列  
}DNAStr;  
  
int InversionNumber(char* s,int len)  
{  
    int ans=0;  //s逆序数  
    int A,C,G;  //各个字母出现次数，T是最大的，无需计算T出现次数  
    A=C=G=0;  
    for(int i=len-1;i>=0;i--)  
    {  
        switch(s[i])  
        {  
        case 'A':A++;break;  //A是最小的，无逆序数  
        case 'C':  
            {  
                C++;  
                ans+=A;  //当前C后面出现A的次数就是这个C的逆序数  
                break;  
            }  
        case 'G':  
            {  
                G++;  
                ans+=A;  
                ans+=C;  
                break;  
            }  
        case 'T':  
            {  
                ans+=A;  
                ans+=C;  
                ans+=G;  
                break;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
    return ans;  
}  
  
int cmp(const void* a,const void* b)  
{  
    DNAStr* x=(DNAStr*)a;  
    DNAStr* y=(DNAStr*)b;  
    return (x->num)-(y->num);  
}  
  
int main(void)  
{  
    int n,m;  
    while(cin>>n>>m)  
    {  
        DNAStr* DNA=new DNAStr[m];  
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++)  
        {  
            cin>>DNA[i].sq;  
            DNA[i].num = InversionNumber(DNA[i].sq,n);  
        }  
        qsort(DNA,m,sizeof(DNAStr),cmp);  
        for(int j=0;j<m;j++)  
            cout<<DNA[j].sq<<endl;  
    }  
    return 0;  
}

补充：软件开发 , C++ ,